简单赢：赢，就是简单！ » 21点规则|术语

应该是最全的21点规则了

站长 — Sat, 02 Jan 2010 12:08:24 +0000

来自于Standford Wong’s BJ21.com网站的，容后慢慢翻译。

AJ: Ace-jack of spades pays double.
黑桃的Ace和J组成的黑杰克赔2倍注金。

all: Lose all on doubles or splits if dealer has BJ.
如果庄家是黑杰克，则玩家输掉所有注金，包括双倍下注和分牌的注金。

col: Casino collects a fee per hand, generally at least 1%.
每一手牌娱乐场都要收取一定的佣金，一般为1%。

cs: Casino surrender. Player with a two-card twenty can accept a half win against a 10, if the dealer does not have a natural.

csm: Continuous-shuffle machine.
自动循环洗牌机。

da: Double down on any two or more cards.
在任意两张或以上张数牌的时候，玩家可以选择双倍加注。

dab: Double attack blackjack. All 10s removed from deck, player can double bet after seeing one dealer card.

ddd: Redouble, i.e. double again after doubling and getting a card.
再次双倍加注。

ddr: Double down rescue, ie. surrender after doubling down.
安全的双倍加注，即玩家可以在双倍加注拿牌后再选择投降。

de: Double exposure. Dealer’s two cards both face up. Dealer wins all ties except BJ against BJ.

ds: Double down after splitting.
玩家分牌后可以继续双倍加注。

dsa: Double down after splitting aces.
玩家分Ace后可以继续双倍加注。

ds10: Double down on ten or eleven after splitting.
如果玩家分牌后的点数是10点或者11点，则可以选择双倍加注。

d3: Double down on first three cards.
玩家可以在前三张牌选择双倍加注。

d4: Double down on first four or fewer cards.
玩家可以在前四张牌选择双倍加注。

d8: Double down only on two-card eight or more, including soft totals.
玩家只能在前两张牌是8点以上的时候选择双倍加注，包括软8点。

d9: Double down only on two-card nine or more.
玩家只能在前两张牌是9点以上的时候选择双倍加注，包括软9点。

d10: Double down only on two-card ten or more.
玩家只能在前两张牌是10点以上的时候选择双倍加注，包括软10点。

d11: Double down only on two-card eleven.
玩家只能在前两张牌是11点以上的时候选择双倍加注，包括软11点。

es: Early surrender.
前置投降。即庄家会在发完所有牌后询问每一位玩家是否投降，而不是在轮到该玩家的询问（后置投降）。

es10: Early surrender against 10, late surrender against others.
庄家是10点的时候前置投降，其它的时候后置投降。

extreme: Extreme 21. See wizardofodds.com.

fak1, fak2: Games using six or eight decks that can be mistaken for single- or double-deckers.

hide: Dealer shows player cards only when necessary to decide winner.
庄家只有在必要的时候才亮出底牌。

hsa: Hit after splitting aces.
玩家分Ace后可以继续拿牌。

h17: Dealer hits soft seventeen.
庄家在软17点的时候要选择拿牌。

LL9: Lucky Ladies sidebet. Payoffs: 4/9/19/125/1000 for any 20/suited 20/matched 20/Qh-Qh/Qh-Qh & dlr BJ.

LL10: Lucky Ladies sidebet. Payoffs: 4/10/25/200/1000 for any 20/suited 20/matched 20/Qh-Qh/Qh-Qh & dlr BJ.

ls: Late surrender.
后置投降。即庄家在轮到该玩家的时候才询问其是否投降，而不是在发完牌后统一询问（前置投降）。

lsn: Late surrender on any number of cards, including after splitting.
玩家在任意张牌的时候都可以选择投降，包括分牌以后。

lsnxa: Late surrender on any number of cards except no surrender against ace.
玩家在任意张牌的时候都可以选择投降，包括分牌以后，除非庄家的明牌是Ace。

lsxa: Late surrender except no surrender against ace.
后置投降，除非庄家的明牌是Ace。

ma: Multiple-action blackjack.

min: Mid-entry restricted to table minimum.

mp: Table uses the MindPlay system.

nc: No cards; i.e. digital blackjack.

ni: No insurance.
不允许保险。

nm: No mid-game entry.

nmm: No mid-game entry and no midgame spreading to multiple hands.

nmo: No mid-game entry on request.

nms: Mid-game: no sitting out hands, and if you drop from two hands to one you cannot go back to two hands.

nobj: If dealer has 10 and ace, the hand plays as an ordinary twenty-one and not a BJ.
如果庄家的明牌是10或者Ace，则该局牌中所有玩家的黑杰克只能算为普通的21点。

No Bust: A game at Sahara in Las Vegas that is worse for blackjack players than regular blackjack. If you and the dealer both bust, and the dealer busts with a higher total, you push instead of lose. Joker-joker pays 2:1. All blackjacks count as ordinary 21s. There are twelve jokers per six decks; a joker makes a hand count 21. Jokers work on dealer hands as well, and benefit the dealer more than the player because if the dealer’s upcard is a joker the players are not allowed to draw.
在Las Vegas的Sahara娱乐场使用了一套比常规规则更

nrs: No resplits.
nrs10: No resplits of any 10-count cards.
nsjq: No splits of unlike 10-count cards.
ns10: No splits of any 10-count cards.
nsxa: No splits except you can split aces. (“Multiple Action”)
ou25: Side bets on whether your first two cards are over or under 13. The 25 means max bet of $25.
pb: Player banked.
pk: Dealer looks at the index of the hole card under a 10.
rsa: Resplit aces.
rsa3: Resplit aces once only, to make three hands.
rs3: Resplit non-aces once only, to make three hands.
sc: Card used to determine shuffle point on one or two decks.
single21: “Single 21”: rules include 21e,21w,da,sura,6; suited BJs pay 3:2, splits allowed after hitting.
sf21: “Super Fun 21”: blackjack with liberal rules (da, ds, dsa, hsa, rsa, sura, 21d, 21w, 5, 6), but most BJs win even
money (21e).
shoe: Cards dealt from a shoe. Used only for single and double deck, which more commonly are dealt without a
shoe.
Spanish: All 10s removed from deck, player 21 beats dealer 21, hitting and doubling after split aces, surrender after doubling down, late surrender, bonuses for 5, 6, 7-card 21, 6-7-8, 7-7-7.
sura: Surrender anytime, including after hitting, doubling, or splitting.
switch: Blackjack switch. See www.blackjackswitch.com.
s17: Dealer stands on soft seventeen.
toke: Dealers keep their own tokes.
ur: Unlimited resplits of non-aces.
1spot: Players allowed to bet only one spot.
3up: Play one hand against three dealer upcards.
5: Player’s winning five-card twenty-one pays double.
6: Player’s six-card unbusted hand wins automatically, even if the dealer has 10 up and ace in hole.
6:5: BJs pay 6:5.
21d: Diamond BJ pays 2:1. 1/16 of BJs are in diamonds.
21e: BJ pays even money instead of 3 to 2.
21p: If dealer has BJ with 10 up, you push with twenty-one in any number of cards.
21s: Suited BJs pay 2:1. 1/4 of BJs are suited.
21w: BJ wins regardless of dealer’s hand.

桌面的异常处理

站长 — Sun, 06 Dec 2009 10:25:17 +0000

大家看看下面这张图，就发生在刚才。

对于发生在桌面的这类异常情况，一般规则是这样的：
1、停手，保留局面，招来现场经理(pitboss)；
2、现场经理会根据问题，按照预案处理。

比如举例的这一把，有一张牌洗牌的时候洗成了牌面向上。现场经理有如下预案：
1、如果这张牌是要消掉的暗牌，则取消全桌下注；
2、如果这张牌是发给玩家的底牌，则说明情况，继续；
3、如果这张牌是发给庄家的底牌中的明牌，则说明情况，继续（示例就是这一种）；
4、如果这张牌是发给庄家的底牌中的安排，则取消全桌下注；
5、如果这张牌是发给玩家的要牌，则取消该玩家的下注，该局继续；
6、如果这张牌是发给庄家的要牌，则说明情况，继续（因为庄家的要牌与否是按照规则执行的）。
以上1-6之后，都要结束这一盒牌，重新换一盒新牌。

对子的变化规则

站长 — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 16:01:46 +0000

对子还有如下变化：

完美对子 (Perfect Pair) ：组成对子的两张牌既是相同的点数，也是是相同的花色（比如同是方块8），赔率为1赔25；

彩色对子 (Colored Pair) ：组成对子的两张牌是相同的点数，花色的颜色也是相同的（比如红桃8和方块8、黑桃8和梅花8），赔率为1赔12；

混合对子 (Mixed Pair) ：组成对子的两张牌是相同的点数，但花色的颜色是不同的（比如红桃8和黑桃8、红桃8和梅花8等），赔率为1赔6。

英式21点(pontoon)

站长 — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:23:16 +0000

总体来说呢,英式二十一点(pontoon) 是一种和普通21点(blackjack) 非常相似的游戏,需要用到八副纸牌，每副纸牌各52 张。
游戏目标是让手中牌的点数尽量接近 21 点，但是不要超过。

pontoon 游戏规则：
庄家和玩家开局各摸两张牌。庄家先确认是不是一手 pontoon 赢牌，如果不是则不亮牌。您可以选择补牌、停牌（只有在您牌面总点数为 15 或者更大的情况下）、加倍下注，或者分牌（如果您有对子）。当您对您的牌感到满意之后，庄家亮牌并且根据大厅规则补牌或者停牌。
如果出现平局，那么庄家赢。若庄家拿到软 17 点，则必须补牌（ j 、 q 、 k 为 10 点， ace 为 1 点或者 11 点）。

pontoon （英式二十一点）和 blackjack （二十一点）两种游戏的区别：
1、有两种情况可以赢常规的 21 点牌： pontoon 牌（一张 ace 加一张十点的牌）和五星（当玩家拿到五张牌仍未爆牌，不论总点数为多少都赢）。两种牌赔率都为 2 赔 1 。
2、庄家在玩家停牌或者爆牌之前不亮牌。
3、没有保险选项。
4、在出现平局的情况下，庄家赢。
5、在每局开始时，庄家都先确认自己的牌。如果庄家拿到了 pontoon 牌，那么庄家马上亮牌而玩家将输掉赌注。
6、玩家在牌面点数小于 15 点时不能停牌。
7、玩家在加倍下注之后可以抓任意数目的牌。
8、玩家只能将同样分值的牌分开。比如，您可以分开两个 8 或是一个 q 和一个 k ，因为这两张牌的分值都是 10 分。
9、如果您分牌后有一个 a 和一个 10 或是一个人面牌，算是 pontoon 。

牌的点数：
普通牌的点数和牌值相等（如 2 为两点， 5 为五点，依此类推）。 j 、 q 和 k 为十点。 ace 为 1 点或 11 点。

牌面大小及赔率：按从大到小的顺序
1、 pontoon 牌（ ace + 10 点的牌）。比其它任何牌都大。赔率为 2 赔 1 。
2、五星（总点数不超过 21 点的任意五张牌）。比 pontoon 牌之外的其它牌都大。赔率为 2 赔 1 。
3、21 点（三张或四张总点数为 21 的牌）。比 pontoon 牌和五星之外的其它牌都大。赔率为 1 赔 1 。
4、高点数（两张、三张或四张牌，只要总点数不超过 21 点）。比其它总点数较低的牌（五星除外）都大。赔率为 1 赔 1 。
5、爆牌（三张或者更多牌，总点数超过 21 点）。玩家输掉赌注。

庄家游戏规则：
1、庄家如果拿到软 17 点（两张、三张或四张牌总点数为 17 ，其中包括一张 ace ）或者更小点数，必须补牌。
2、庄家如果拿到硬 17 点（两张、三张或四张牌总点数为 17 点，其中没有 ace 牌）或者更大点数，必须停牌。
3、如果出现平局，则庄家赢。

超级娱乐(Super)21点

站长 — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:16:53 +0000

超级娱乐21点是一个21点变种，在拉斯维加斯的陆地赌场中常见。也有少数网络赌场有这个游戏。赌场不同规则常常不一样，但很多赌场中天生21点只能得到1：1的赔付

规则上有以下特点和变化：

1、只有一付牌；
2、庄家软17点叫牌；
3、分牌后可以叫牌；
4、分牌可以最多到4手，A也可以这样分牌；
5、分牌后的A可以再叫牌和翻倍；
6、可以在任何张牌的时候翻倍；
7、在任何张牌的时候都可以投降；
8、在翻倍后还可以将一半赌注投降保全；
9、如果玩家的牌到了6张或者更多还没有爆，就自然赢（翻倍后不算）；
10、如果玩家有21点，而且是由五张以上的牌组成，就可以获得2：1的赔付（翻倍后不算）；
11、玩家的天生21点不管庄家是否是天生21点都算赢方片同花的天生21点赔付2：1，其他21点赔1：1。

西班牙(Spain)21点

站长 — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:15:05 +0000

西班牙21点是21点的变种。如果赌场的规则要求庄家在软17点停叫或者允许再次翻倍，西班牙21点就可以比普通21点还好。所以你如果想玩玩与普通规则不一样的21点或者想找个赌场优势更低的游戏玩玩，就应该考虑西班牙21点。
西班牙21点使用6到8付牌，但是每付牌只有48张，没有10点。大家都知道如果少了一张10点，显然赌场优势会对庄家有利。所以为了弥补这一点，赌场会有一系列对玩家有利的规则。比如允许分牌后翻倍，叫牌后投降，以及一对A分牌后叫牌。

下面的是一些西班牙21点的加强规则:

1、玩家的21点总是赢，即使庄家也是21点；
2、玩家的天生21点也可以赢庄家的天生21点；
3、玩家可以在任何两张牌的时候翻倍；
4、玩家通常可以在可以一对A分牌后叫牌和翻倍一次(但有些赌场开始不允许这样了)；
5、玩家可以在翻倍后投降来减少一半的损失(称为翻倍救援)；
6、五张牌组成的21点赔付1:1；
7、六张牌组成的21点赔2:1；
8、七张或更多牌组成的21点赔3:1；
9、6-7-8或者 7-7-7的不同花组合赔 3:2,同花组合赔2:1,红桃同花赔 3:1。

注意的地方:

1　庄家通常在软17点叫牌；
2　在翻倍后所有21点的额外奖励就无效；
3　通常用6-8付没有10点的牌；
4　有些赌场允许反复加倍到3次。

全亮(Face up)21点

站长 — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:12:27 +0000

全亮21点是21点的一种变种，在这个游戏里面庄家的两张牌都是可以翻开的。这个规则当然对庄家不利，所以赌场就会有一些别的规则来补偿庄家的损失。虽然它的赌场优势比传统的21点还要高一些，但是仍然列名于最佳赌场游戏之列。

通常规则和传统21点一样，只是：

1、两张庄家的牌都亮开；
2、在平手的时候算庄家赢，只除外天生21点；
3、玩家天生21点赔率1：1；
4、玩家只能分牌一次。

有时候规则还可能有以下可能变化：

1、庄家在软17点叫牌或者停叫；
2、平手天生21点可能算平手，也可能算玩家赢；
3、分牌后玩家可能允许也可能不允许翻倍；
4、可能允许也可能不允许任何前两张牌翻倍；
5、玩家可能允许分牌超过一次；
6、可能允许也可能不允许在不同样子的两张10点分牌（比如一张Q和一张K）。

幸运女神21点

站长 — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:10:00 +0000

今天教大家一种21点的新玩法,幸运女神21点.希望能够给大家的娱乐生活带来新的刺激!

幸运女神21点与普通21点规则玩法完全相同，只是多了一个附加赌注(side bet)，玩家可以玩附加赌注，也可以不玩附加赌注。

附加赌注是很多赌场游戏主要赌注(main bet)之外的一种小赌注，象西班牙21点的MATCH THE DEALER，牌九扑克的幸运之神，都属于附加赌注。一般来说，附加赌注只是一个陷阱，玩家赢附加赌注的机率通常小于赢取主要赌注的机率。赌客玩附加赌注，通常是因为附加赌注的赔率较高，运气好的时候，押5块可以赢50块，更富有赌博的刺激性。

幸运女神21点附加赌注是指玩家可以赌自己开始拿的两张牌为20点，即开始两张牌为两张10点牌，如10，10； 10，J； J，Q； K，J 等，或者为一张A一张9.根据规则，如果这两张20点牌为一对且同花(如两张黑桃10，两张红桃K等)，庄家赔19：1；如果两张牌同花但不成对(如一张方块10，一张方块Q，或一张草花A，一张草花9等)，庄家赔9：1；如果两张牌既不同花也不成对(如一张黑桃K，一张方块J，或一张红桃10，一张草花Q)，庄家赔4：1；为了吸引玩家押附加赌注，游戏还特别设立一项巨奖：如果你开始拿的两张牌为一对红桃Q(这对QUEEN OF HEART，被称为幸运女神)，庄家将赔你125倍的附加赌注，如果恰好庄家这时候拿到一手BLACKJACK，附加赌注的赔率为1000：1，不过这种情况发生的机率有多大，大概只有赌场自己知道。

了解了幸运女神21点附加赌注规则，许多精明的玩家马上会想到，如果会算牌的话，押幸运女神附加赌注，赢钱的机会会大为增加.实际上，许多玩家要么每次都押附加赌注，要么从来不押附加赌注，长远来看，前面的玩家失去了赢钱的机会，而后面的玩家则增加了输钱的机会。正确的策略是，玩牌过程中，记住已发出牌中10点牌的数量，当发现已出牌中10点牌的数量远低于非10点牌的数量时，开始押附加赌注，因为这时候你开始两张牌为20点的可能性大为增加，有兴趣的朋友，不妨到赌场一试。

21点常见问题解答(英文版翻译中)

站长 — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:44:01 +0000

B1 What do these funny acronyms mean …
B2 What special terminology is used by blackjack players?
B3 What special terminology is used by card counters?
B4 Why is there so much talk about blackjack in rec.gambling?
B5 Is casino blackjack a “beatable” game.
B6 How much of an advantage can card counting give?
B7 Is card counting illegal?
B8 Can the casino ban card counters?
B9 What is the correct basic strategy for single deck Blackjack?
B10 What is the correct basic strategy for Atlantic City blackjack?
B11 What is the house edge when playing basic strategy?
B12 Why are single deck games better than multi-deck games?
B14 Do ‘bad’ players at third base have any effect on expected gain?
B15 Where is the best place to sit at a blackjack table.
B16 How is card counting done?
B17 What counting system is “best”?
B18 What counting system is easiest to use?
B19 What BJ counting system is most effective?
B20 Does penetration have any effect on basic strategy expectation?
B21 What is the correct strategy for late surrender?
B22 What is the correct strategy for “multi action” blackjack?
B23 What is “Over/Under” Blackjack?
B24 What is the counting strategy for Over/Under blackjack?
B25 What are some good/bad books on Blackjack?
B26 What are some other sources of blackjack/gambling information?
B27 Is Ken Uston Dead?

Q:B1 What do these funny acronyms mean …
A:B1 (Adbul Jalib M’hall)

The acronyms that are often used in rec.gambling.blackjack are listed below.

Abbreviations:: BSE = Basic Strategy Edge; H17 = Hit soft 17 (dealer must hit); S17 = Stand on any 17 (dealer must stand); DOA = Double On Any first two cards; D10 = Double on 10 or 11 only; DAS = Double After Splitting is allowed; RSA = Re-Splitting Aces is allowed; ESR = Early Surrender; LSR = Late Surrender; O/U = Over/Under 13 side bets are allowed

Q:B2 What special terminology is used by blackjack players?
A:B2 (Steve Jacobs, Dave Everett)

basic strategy: a playing strategy that is designed to minimize the house edge as much as possible without using techniques such as card counting, shuffle tracking, or dealer tells. Basic strategy is used as a foundation for card counting, but is also used by many non-counters.
burn card(s): cards that are discarded without being dealt to the players. After the cards are shuffled by the dealer and cut by one of the players, one or more cards are “burned” before any cards are dealt to the players.
bust: after a “hit”, the player is said to “bust” if the new card causes the player’s total to exceed 21.
card counting: a system for improving the player’s edge by assigning “weights” to each card face and summing the card weights as each new card is turned face up. The “count” indicates when the game is favorable for the player, so that the player can place larger bets and/or make changes in playing strategy.
cut card: a (usually colored plastic) card that is used to cut the cards after they have been shuffled by the dealer.
double down: to double the initial bet and receive exactly one more card. The option to double is often allowed on the players first two cards only, although some casinos allow doubling after splitting a pair. Many Northern Nevada casinos allowing doubling only with a two-card total of 10 or 11. It is very rare to find games that allow doubling of hands that have more than two cards.
double for less: to double down with less than 2X the original bet. Generally, when doubling is allowed, the player does not have to actually double his bet, but may increase it by any amount up to (but not more than) the original bet.
early surrender: surrender which is allowed even when the dealer has a natural. Very valuable to the player, but rarely offered by the casinos.
even money: taking insurance when holding a blackjack results in a net gain of one bet. Some casinos will allow the player to be paid without actually placing the insurance bet. This is called “taking even money”. (See “insurance”)
first base: the first player at a table to act on his/her hand is said to be sitting at “first base”.
flat bet: to bet the same amount on each successive hand.
hard hand: any hand that is not a soft hand.
heads up: playing at a table that has no other players.
hit: drawing a new card to add to the player’s or dealer’s hand.
hole card: the dealer’s card that is placed face down.
insurance: a side bet, of up to 1/2 the original bet, that is offered when the dealer’s upcard is an ace. This bet pays 2:1 if the dealer has a natural 21. (Also see “even money”)
late surrender: surrender which is only allowed when the dealer does not have a natural. If the dealer has a natural 21 (blackjack), the player’s bet still loses in its entirety. If the dealer does not have a blackjack, the player loses half the bet and doesn’t play the rest of the hand.
natural: a hand that totals 21 on the first two cards.
over/under: a rare bet that the first two player’s cards will total over 13, or under 13, when aces are counted as one.
preferential shuffling: shuffling when the deck is favorable to the players, while avoiding a shuffle when the deck is unfavorable to the players.
push: a tie hand, the original bet is returned to the player.
shoe: a “box” for holding the undealt cards, usually used in multi-deck games.
soft hand: any hand that includes an ace that can be counted as 11 without having the value of the hand exceed 21. It is always possible to draw one card to a soft hand without busting.
split hand: hands that start with two cards of the same rank can be split to form two independent hands. This option is exercised by adding a new bet to the second hand, and these hands are played independently.
spread: to place more than one bet before the cards are dealt.
stand: to stop drawing cards.
stiff (hand): any hand that has a small chance of winning regardless of how the hand is played (usually 12 – 16).
surrender: the option to give back the player’s first two cards in exchange for a refund of 1/2 of the original bet (rarely allowed). Some hands, such as 16 vs. dealer’s 10, are so bad that surrender is less costly than playing the hand.
third base: the last player at a table to act on his/her hand is said to be sitting at “third base”.
upcard: the dealer’s first card, dealt face up. The correct playing decision often involves some consideration of the dealer’s upcard.

Q:B3 What special terminology is used by card counters?
A:B3 (Steve Jacobs)

betting correlation: a measure of how well the card weights correlate to the change in the player’s favorability when the cards are seen by the player and removed from the deck. This gives an estimate of the accuracy of the card counting system.
back counting: counting cards and waiting for the count to become favorable before sitting down to play. Usually done standing in back of the players.
balanced count: any counting system that has a count starting at zero when the cards are shuffled, and ending at zero when all cards in the deck(s) have been exposed. Most counting systems use a balanced count.
bet spread: the ratio between maximum and minimum bet size. A player who uses $20 maximum bets and $5 minimum bets is using a 4:1 bet spread.
card weight: the “value” assigned to each card face. This weight is added to the “count” as each new card is exposed. Weights are usually small integer values like -1, +1, or +2.
count: (noun) — a number that represents the player’s estimate of how favorable or unfavorable.
cover bet: a bet (usually large) placed at the “wrong” time, in order to fool the pit critters into thinking that the player is not counting cards.
insurance correlation: a measure of how well the card weights correlate to the change in the player’s favorability for placing insurance bets. This gives an estimate of the accuracy of the card counting system for predicting when to take insurance.
penetration: the number of cards that are dealt before the cards are shuffled. Penetration is usually expressed as a percentage of the cards, as in “75% penetration”. Good penetration is extremely important to card counters.
playing efficiency: effectiveness of strategy variations in tracking the optimal playing strategy as the deck composition changes. Efficiency is given by E = AG / PG, where AG is the actual gain from making the strategy changes, and PG is the possible gain that could be made by using a playing strategy that is “computer perfect”.
running count: the total of the weights of all cards that have been exposed since the cards were shuffled.
shuffle tracking: a system to predict which sections of the deck/shoe will be favorable to the player, based on the locations of favorable sections of the previous deck/shoe, and on studying the method used to shuffle the cards.
side count: a count in addition to the “main” count, usually involving a single card face, as in “ace side count”.
strategy variations: varying from basic strategy when the count indicates that it is profitable to do so.
ten poor: a deck that has a lower than average density of tens and face cards.
ten rich: a deck that has a higher than average density of tens and face cards.
true count: a count that is adjusted according to the number of undealt cards, usually by dividing the running count by the number of undealt *decks* (or half-decks).
unbalanced count: any counting system that has a count that starts or ends on a non-zero value (see “balanced count”). Red 7 is an example of an unbalanced count.
wonging: improving the player’s edge by placing bets only when the count is favorable for the player, and “sitting out” when the count is unfavorable.

Q:B4 Why is there so much talk about blackjack in rec.gambling?
A:B4 (Steve Jacobs)

Blackjack is the most popular table game in American casinos, and the abundance of blackjack articles in rec.gambling is a reflection of this popularity. Unlike many other casino games, skillful play in blackjack allows the player to gain a slight advantage over the casino. However, there is no single form of the game that is found in all casinos, and it is often possible to find several slightly different forms of blackjack within the same casino. When playing blackjack, the “correct” strategy to use will depend on the number of card decks used and on the particular “house rules” that are in effect during play. All of these factors combine to make blackjack a very complicated topic.

[Note: this question is obsolete now that rec.gambling.blackjack is a separate group. This question will eventually be deleted from the rec.gambling.blackjack FAQ]

Q:B5 Is casino blackjack a “beatable” game.
A:B5 (thunk)

Background: Many books have been written that claim that BJ is beatable.

Answer: Simulations performed by rec.gamblers show different amounts of potential player advantage in theory in BJ, depending on strategies, exact rules, and playing conditions. These numbers typically approach 1% (an average penny gain for every dollar bet) though in certain particular, ideal circumstances this can get somewhat higher. There is disagreement on the net about how much advantage this translates into in “real-world” casinos, but it’s generally believed that players can play with a small, long-run advantage in BJ. The variance is very high in this game, however, which makes the slight advantage in BJ far from a sure thing.

Q:B6 How much of an advantage can card counting give?
A:B6 (Steve Jacobs)

A typical card counter will have an edge of 1.5% or less, depending on the counting system used, the skill of the player, and the particular house rules that the player is fighting against. It is quite unusual to find playing conditions that allow the player to get more than a 2% edge against the house, even against single deck games. The player’s edge against multi-deck games is generally less than 1%.

Q:B7 Is card counting illegal?
A:B7 (Steve Jacobs)

No. The casinos would like you to believe that card counting is illegal, immoral, and fattening, but the fact is that card counters are simply using a greater level of skill than the typical blackjack player. The Nevada courts have ruled that blackjack players are free to use any information that is made available to them, provided that there is no collusion between a player and casino personnel. For example, if a dealer accidentally handles the cards in such a way that a player can see the dealer’s hole card, the player can make use of this information without breaking the law.

Q:B8 Can the casino ban card counters?
A:B8 (Steve Jacobs)

This depends on where you play. In Atlantic City, where games of skill are not permitted, the casinos are not allowed to ban skillful players. In Nevada, casinos are allowed to refuse service to anyone at any time for any reason. Players are routinely “barred”, usually by being asked to leave or by being told that they are welcome to play any game other than blackjack. If you are barred but persist in trying to play, the casino can have you arrested for trespassing.

Q:B9 What is the correct basic strategy for single deck Blackjack?
A:B9 (Steve Jacobs)

The following basic strategy is for single deck games without DAS (double-after-splits).

   +--  Player's hand
   |
   |	 dealer 	dealer
   |   |-might bust-||-might stand-|
   V   2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  X  A  <------- dealer's upcard
  ---+-------------------------------
  XX | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S   never, ever, ever split
  99 | PS PS PS PS PS S  PS ps s  s   split if (d <= 9), except 7
  88 | Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps Ph ph ph ph ph  always split
  77 | ps ps Ps Ps Ps ph h  h  s  h   split if (d <= 7), stand against 10
  66 | ph ps ps Ps ps h  h  h  h  h   split if (d <= 6)
  55 | DH DH DH DH DH DH DH DH H  H   never split, treat like hard 10
  44 | h  H  H  DH DH H  h  h  h  h   never split, double against 5, 6
  33 | h  h  Ph PH PH ph h  h  h  h   split if (d >= 4) and (d <= 7)
  22 | h  ph Ph PH PH ph h  h  h  h   split if (d >= 3) and (d <= 7)
  AA | PH PH PH PD PD PH PH Ph Ph Ph  always split
  ---+-------------------------------
  A9 | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S   always stand
  A8 | S  S  S  S *DS S  S  S  S  S   double against a 6
  A7 | S  DS DS DS DS S  S  h  h  h*  double 3-6, hit against 9, 10, A
  A6 | DH DH DH DH DH H  h  h  h  h   double low, hit high
  A5 | h  h  DH DH DH h  h  h  h  h   \
  A4 | h  H  DH DH DH H  h  h  h  h    \ double against 4,5,6
  A3 | H  H  DH DH DH H  H  h  h  h    /
  A2 | H  H  DH DH DH H  H  h  h  h   /
  ---+-------------------------------
  21 | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S   always stand
  20 | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S   always stand
  19 | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S  S   always stand
  18 | S  S  S  S  S  S  S  s  s  s   always stand
  17 | s  s  s  s  s  s  s  s  s  s   always stand on HARD 17 or above

  16 | s  s  s  s  s  h  h  h  h  h   \
  15 | s  s  s  s  s  h  h  h  h  h    \
  14 | s  s  s  s  s  h  h  h  h  h     > hit if dealer might stand,
  13 | s  s  s  s  s  h  h  h  h  h    /    stand if dealer might bust
  12 | h  h  s  s  s  h  h  h  h  h   /   (special case against 2, 3)

  11 | D  D  D  D  D  D  D  D  D  D   always double
  10 | D  D  D  D  D  D  D  D  H  H   double if (d < 10)
   9 | DH DH DH DH DH H  H  h  h  h   double if dealer might bust
   8 | h  H  H  DH DH H  h  h  h  h   double only against 5, 6
   7 | h  h  h  H  H  h  h  h  h  h
   6 | h  h  h  H  H  h  h  h  h  h   (4-2)
   5 | h  h  h  H  H  h  h  h  h  h   (3-2)
   4 | h  h  h  H  H  h  h  h  h  h   (2-2 pair if no more splitting allowed)
  ---+-------------------------------
  S=stand H=hit D=double P=pair(split)
  DH= double if allowed, otherwise hit
  DS= double if allowed, otherwise stand
  [uppercase] = "strong" hand, favorable to player
  [lowercase] = "weak" hand, favorable to house

  (*) notes:
     Playing A7 against dealer's ace:
        hitting gains 4.08% if dealer must hit on soft 17
        standing gains 0.74% if dealer must stand on soft 17

     Playing A8 against dealer's 6:
        doubling gains 1.96% if dealer must hit on soft 17
        doubling gains 0.03% if dealer must stand on soft 17
        (this rule may be ignored to simplify the strategy)

Q:B10 What is the correct basic strategy for Atlantic City blackjack?
A:B10 (Steve Jacobs)

The following basic strategy is for typical Atlantic City rules.

  HOUSE RULES:
     Cards are dealt from 6 decks.
     Dealer must stand on any 17.
       Double-down allowed on soft hands.
     Pairs may be split only once.
       Player may double-down after splitting pairs.
     Surrender is not allowed.

                   Strategy Table

       |---might bust---|  |---might stand---|  <---- dealer possibility
  ---+----------------------------------------
       2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   X   A    <---- dealer's up card
  ---+----------------------------------------  Pairs
  XX | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  99 | PS  PS  PS  PS  PS  S   PS  ps  s   s
  88 | Ps  Ps  Ps  Ps  Ps  Ph  ph  ph  ph  ph
  77 | ps  ps  Ps  Ps  Ps  ph  h   h   h   h
  66 | ph  ph  ps  Ps  Ps  h   h   h   h   h
  55 | DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  H   H
  44 | h   H   H   PH  PH  H   h   h   h   h
  33 | ph  ph  Ph  Ph  Ph  ph  h   h   h   h
  22 | ph  ph  Ph  Ph  PH  ph  h   h   h   h
  AA | PH  PH  PH  PH  PDH PH  PH  Ph  Ph  Ph
  ---+----------------------------------------  Soft Hands
  AX | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  A9 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  A8 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  A7 | S   DS  DS  DS  DS  S   S   h   h   h
  A6 | H   DH  DH  DH  DH  H   h   h   h   h
  A5 | h   H   DH  DH  DH  h   h   h   h   h
  A4 | h   H   DH  DH  DH  H   h   h   h   h
  A3 | H   H   H   DH  DH  H   H   h   h   h
  A2 | H   H   H   DH  DH  H   H   h   h   h
  AA | H   H   H   H   DH  H   H   h   h   h
  ---+----------------------------------------  Hard Hands
  21 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  20 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  19 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S   S
  18 | S   S   S   S   S   S   S   s   s   s
  17 | s   s   s   s   S   s   s   s   s   s   

  16 | s   s   s   s   s   h   h   h   h   h
  15 | s   s   s   s   s   h   h   h   h   h
  14 | s   s   s   s   s   h   h   h   h   h
  13 | s   s   s   s   s   h   h   h   h   h
  12 | h   h   s   s   s   h   h   h   h   h   

  11 | DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  H
  10 | DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  DH  H   H
   9 | H   DH  DH  DH  DH  H   H   h   h   h
   8 | h   H   H   H   H   H   h   h   h   h
   7 | h   h   h   H   H   h   h   h   h   h
   6 | h   h   h   h   h   h   h   h   h   h
   5 | h   h   h   h   H   h   h   h   h   h
   4 | h   h   h   h   H   h   h   h   h   h
  ---+----------------------------------------
  S=stand H=hit D=double P=split Q=surrender

  NOTES:
       1) If more than one option is listed,
          options to the left are preferred
          over options to the right.  Options
          less favorable than STAND or HIT are
          not shown.

       2) Use the "Hard Hands" table only
          when the other tables do not apply.

       3) If splitting Aces is not allowed,
          use the "Soft Hands" table.

       4) Uppercase options favor the player,
          lowercase options favor the house.

Q:B11 What is the house edge when playing basic strategy?
A:B11 (Steve Jacobs)

The expected gain for basic strategy play depends on the house rules and the number of decks. The following table summarizes the player’s expectation for a variety of games. All numbers are in units of percent of initial bet.

                           <-- number of decks -->
                  |    1  |   2   |   4   |   6   |  20   |  100  |
  ----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  AC              | .1541  -.2228  -.3991  -.4569  -.5368  -.5638 |
  AC + LSR        | .1761  -.1717  -.3323  -.3843  -.4552  -.4790 |
  AC + ESR        | .7694   .3952   .2265   .1721   .0968   .0714 |
  ----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  strip           | .0409  -.3214  -.4889  -.5437  -.6245  -.6447 |
  strip + LSR     | .0707  -.2685  -.4239  -.4744  -.5429  -.5659 |
  strip + DAS     | .1809  -.1795  -.3472  -.4021  -.4779  -.5034 |
  strip + ESR     | .6511   .2927   .1320   .0801   .0084  -.0157 |
  ----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  vegas           |-.1527  -.5257  -.7015  -.7590  -.8445  -.8663 |
  vegas + LSR     |-.1095  -.4594  -.6221  -.6747  -.7469  -.7713 |
  vegas + DAS     |-.0103  -.3813  -.5570  -.6146  -.6951  -.7223 |
  vegas + ESR     | .5403   .1720   .0046  -.0493  -.1245  -.1500 |
  ----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
  reno            |-.4291  -.7400  -.8906  -.9404 -1.0154 -1.0337 |
  reno + LSR      |-.3858  -.6737  -.8113  -.8560  -.9178  -.9387 |
  reno + DAS      |-.3121  -.6176  -.7658  -.8151  -.8840  -.9073 |
  reno + ESR      | .2639  -.0423  -.1846  -.2307  -.2307  -.3174 |
  ----------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

  "AC" rules: (typical of Atlantic City)
        dealer stands on soft 17
        double down on any two cards
        double after splits
        no resplitting

  "strip" rules: (typical of Vegas Strip)
        dealer stands on soft 17
        double down on any two cards (but not after splits)

  "vegas" rules: (typical of Vegas Downtown)
        dealer hits soft 17
        double down on any two cards (but not after splits)

  "reno" rules:  (typical of Reno, northern Nevada)
        dealer hits soft 17
        double down allowed on two card total of 10 or 11 only

  DAS = Double After Splitting
  LSR = Late Surrender
  ESR = Early Surrender (no longer available)

Q:B12 Why are single deck games better than multi-deck games?
A:B12 (Adbul Jalib M’hall)

There are some surface differences, such as single and double deck usually being hand-held, while four or more decks are dealt from a shoe, but there are fundamental mathematical differences too.

Single deck blackjack is usually better than multiple deck blackjack for card counters, basic strategists, and the clueless. Additional decks make busts less likely, since one can draw to hands like 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2 (for 18) which are improbable/impossible in single deck. Busting less often helps the dealer’s hand more than yours, since the dealer is forced by the rigid rules to hit more often than you. Blackjacks are also less frequent, which is bad since you get paid 3 to 2 for those. All in all, multiple decks will cost a basic strategist nearly 0.5% in advantage, which is more than all but the very best package of favorable extra rules will give you. This was an intuitive explanation; a complete mathematically sound (albeit huge) proof can be generated by a combinatorial analysis program.

Card counters face the additional problem that the count is less volatile with multiple decks and hence offers less frequent opportunities for large favorable bets. Consider the difference between an urn with 1 black and 1 white marble versus an urn with 100 black and 100 white marbles. Draw half the marbles: what is the probability that all the remaining marbles are white? In the 1 and 1 case, there is a 1 in 2 chance. In the 100 and 100 case, there is only a 1 in 100,891,344,545,564,193,334,812,497,256 chance!

Q:B14 Do ‘bad’ players at third base have any effect on expected gain?
A:B14 (Steve Jacobs)

No. It is a common misconception that incorrect plays by the player at third base will “take the dealer’s bust card” or “leave the dealer a good card”. As long as the shuffle is sufficient to randomize the cards, improper play of other players will be just as likely to help as it is to hurt. However, bad players can cause frustration and anxiety which may increase the likelihood of making mistakes. It is best to avoid the temptation to strangle bad players.

Q:B15 Where is the best place to sit at a blackjack table.
A:B15 (Steve Jacobs)

It depends. For basic strategy players, seat position has no significant effect on the player’s expected return. For card counters who use strategy variations, it is probably best to sit at third base in order to see as many cards as possible before playing the hand. When playing against a “front loading” dealer, the best seat is whichever seat gives you the best shot at getting a glimpse of the dealer’s hole card. When playing at the Rio, the best seat is the one that gives the best view of the cocktail waitresses.

Q:B16 How is card counting done?
A:B16 (Steve Jacobs)

The card counting system described below is an unbalanced 10 count that is 100% accurate for determining when to take insurance. As a general purpose card counting system, it is relatively weak and not particularly recommended, but it illustrates many of the principles behind card counting. This is intended only to give a feel for how card counting is done, and is not recommended for actual practice, although I’ve used it because of its simplicity. This counting strategy is listed as “Unbalanced 10 Count” in other parts of the FAQ list.

For single deck games:

1) Start the count at -4 when the deck is shuffled.

2) Count -2 for 10, J, Q, K

3) Count +1 for everything else (including aces)

4) Bet low when the count is negative, high when the count is positive (actually, simulations show that you can bet high for a count of -2 or above).

5) Take insurance when the count is positive.

6) Play basic strategy at all times.

—————————————————————

For N deck games:

1) Start the count at (-4 * N).

2) all other rules are the same.

—————————————————————

Notes:

The unique feature of this counting method is that it is perfectly accurate for dealing with insurance. When the count is positive, the player has the advantage when taking the insurance bet. When the count is negative, the house has the advantage, so insurance should not be taken.

Counting is best done by counting several cards at once. It is easy to practice this counting method in the following way:

1)

Count through a deck of cards, counting one card at a time. Start at -4, and count through the entire deck. After all of the cards have been seen, the count should be ZERO. If it is not zero, a mistake has been made somewhere. Repeat counting through the deck one card at a time, until you can do it quickly without making mistakes.

2)

Count through the deck, counting two cards at a time. Look for the following patterns, adding the correct amount for each pattern

(X = 10, N = non-ten): NN: +2; XN: -1; XX: -4

Again, the count should be zero after all cards have been seen. Repeat until you can do it efficiently.

3)

Count through the deck, counting three cards at a time. Look for the following patterns, adding the correct amount for each pattern.

(X = 10, N = non-ten): NNN +3; XNN 0 (this pattern is common); XXN -3

4)

Practice against a computer blackjack game. When I play, I usually count the cards by counting an entire hand (player’s or dealers) at once. If there are more than three cards in the hand, I mentally break it up into groups of 1, 2, or 3 cards (I usually look for “XNN” patterns and ignore those cards, since they add up to zero). I usually count the cards just before the dealer picks up the hand (exception: for insurance, you should count your cards and the dealer’s up card immediately).

Q:B17 What counting system is “best”?
A:B17 (thunk)

This has been answered by rec.gamblers using different approaches.

The first approach is to evaluate different systems by simulation. This approach obscures the particular advantages of each system, but it’s easy to see how a system will perform in one particular realistic casino playing situation, and not hard to judge the tradeoff between performance and ease of use (see Q/A B18 for more details).

The second approach estimates several performance parameters of each system that collectively approximate the system’s inherent potential. This allows the strengths of different BJ systems to be studied in detail, which should allow better, more precise comparison of different systems and aid efforts to improve a particular system. This approach gives results which may be used to determine which counting system is theoretically most profitable, but does not address the issue of how easy it is to use the counting system under actual playing conditions (see Q/A B19 for more details).

It’s not yet clear how these two studies relate, and no rec.gambling.blackjack consensus has emerged as to how the more sophisticated performance parameters actually translate to advantage at the tables as in the simulations.

Q:B18 What counting system is easiest to use?
A:B18 (thunk)

Background: Lots of systems are available. There is an important tradeoff between complexity and theoretical power, as more complex systems are harder to use and more error-prone.

Answer: You pick ‘em. A rec.gambling.blackjack study was accomplished that compared different systems, and here a summary of what came out:

Complexity is a subjective measure with guidelines described in the results paper. Power is the integer closest to p/0.05%, where p is the % advantage of the strategy one-on-one in a single deck, dealer hits on soft 17, no DDAS, resplitting-allowed game that’s dealt down to 20 cards and using a 1-4 betting spread. 15,000,000 hands guarantee correctness to within 1 point 99% of the time.

   name             complex power      card weights             reference
                                A  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  X
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  BASIC               0     -5                                 Steve Jacobs
  UNBALANCED 10       2     13   1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 -2  Steve Jacobs
  SUPER-SIMPLE OPT-I 2.5    16         1  1  1  1          -1  WGBJB (1)
  REVERE PM          3.5    16  -1  1  1  1  1  1          -1  PBaaB
  RED SEVEN          3.5    19  -1  1  1  1  1  1 R:1      -1  BiB
  OPT1-6+6            5     18         1  1  1  1          -1  WGBJB
  WONG HIGH-LOW       5     19  -1  1  1  1  1  1          -1  PB
  ZEN                 5     19  -1  1  1  2  2  2  1       -2  BiB
  HORSESHOE           6     14      1  2  2  3  2  2  1 -1 -3  MDB (2)
  REVERE POINT COUNT  6     17  -2  1  2  2  2  2  1       -2  PBaaB
  OPT1-6+6 W/ ACE     7     23         1  1  1  1          -1  WGBJB
  ANDERSEN           9.5    16  -2  1  1  1  2  1  1    -1 -1  TtToLV
  USTON APC          10     22      1  2  2  3  2  2  1 -1 -3  MDB

  WGBJB: "World's Greatest BlackJack Book" by Humble and Cooper
  PBaaB: "Playing Blackjack as a Business" by Lawrence Revere
  BiB: "Blackbelt in Blackjack" by Arnold Snyder
  PB: "Professional Blackjack" by Stanford Wong
  TtToLV: "Turning the Tables on Las Vegas" by Ian Andersen
  MDB: "Million Dollar Blackjack" by Ken Uston
  (1) with modifications by 'thunk'
  (2) with modifications by Paul C. Kim

Q:B19 What BJ counting system is most effective?
A:B19 (Adbul Jalib M’hall, Jeff Jennings)

The playing efficiency, betting correlation, and insurance correlation is listed below for several counting systems. These numbers give an indication of the effectiveness of the counting system. When two numbers are listed, the second number results from adding an ace side count in addition to the “main” count.

See answer B3 for definitions of “betting correlation”, “playing efficiency”, and “insurance correlation”.

                  EXPLANATION OF COUNTING SYSTEMS
  ===========================================================================
  COUNTING           COUNTING VALUES         "BEST" EFFICIENCY  CORRELATION
  SYSTEMS      2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  X  A  SOURCE  PLAY+ace  BET+ace INSURE
  --------     ----------------------------  ------  -------- -------- ------
  Griffin      0  0  1  1  1  1  0  0 -1  0  Griffin  64-64+  .85-.95  .85
  Hi-Opt I     0  1  1  1  1  0  0  0 -1  0  Humble   61-63   .88-.97  .85
  Hi-Opt II    1  1  2  2  1  1  0  0 -2  0  Humble   67-67+  .91-.99  .91
  High-Low     1  1  1  1  1  0  0  0 -1 -1  Wong     51-63   .97      .76-.85
  Ita          1  1  1  1  1  1  0 -1 -1 -1  Sys.Res. 53-63+  .96      .69-.76
  Red 7's      1  1  1  1  1 **  0  0 -1 -1  Snyder   54-64+  .98      .78-.87
  Unbal 10's   1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 -2  1  Roberts  61-61+  .73-.94 1.00
  Uston +-     0  1  1  1  1  1  0  0 -1 -1  Uston    55-64+  .95      .76-.85
  Uston APC    1  2  2  3  2  2  1 -1 -3  0  Uston    69-69+  .91-.99  .90
  Wong Halves  1  2  2  3  2  1  0 -1 -2 -2  Wong     57-67+  .99      .72-.85
  Zen          1  1  2  2  2  1  0  0 -2 -1  Snyder   63-67+  .97      .85-.91
                           ** red 7's +1, black 7's 0

  Note: Playing efficiencies have a practical maximum of about 0.7.
        "Unbal 10's" is short for "Unbalanced 10 Count"

Q:B20 Does penetration have any effect on basic strategy expectation?
A:B20 (Steve Jacobs)

Probably not. Unless the dealer is cheating, the cards will be in a random order after the shuffle. If the player is not counting cards or using other techniques to gain an advantage, it will not matter if there are several rounds or only a single round between shuffles. But, if the dealer if using preferential shuffling, this will hurt the basic strategy players as well as the card counters.

Q:B21 What is the correct strategy for late surrender?
A:B21 (Adbul Jalib M’hall)

Basic strategy for late surrender in AC multi-deck games is:

Surrender hard 16 (but not 8-8) vs. 9, 10, ace

Surrender hard 15 vs. 10

If you are the least bit risk-averse, you should also:

Surrender hard 15 vs. ace

At some casinos you can surrender your first two cards. You lose half your bet in return for not having to play through the hand. With early surrender, you get back half your bet even if the dealer has blackjack, while with late surrender you lose anyway when the dealer has blackjack.

Q:B22 What is the correct strategy for “multi action” blackjack?
A:B22 (Steve Jacobs)

Multi Action blackjack allows the player to place up to three bets simultaneously on the same blackjack hand. The player is dealt a single hand, and the three bets are played out against the same dealer upcard, but with different “drawn” cards for each bet. Many players feel nervous about hitting stiff hands against a high dealer’s upcard (7 or higher), since they will lose all three bets if they bust. However, basic strategy is COMPLETELY UNCHANGED for this game, and the correct strategy is no different than if the player had only a single bet at risk.

Q:B23 What is “Over/Under” Blackjack?
A:B23 (Steve Jacobs)

Caesar’s Tahoe introduced the Over-13 and Under-13 side bets that are allowed at some blackjack tables. These bets are based on the player’s total for the first two cards, when aces are counted as one. Over-13 bets win when the player’s cards total 14 or higher, while under-13 bets win when the player’s cards total 12 or under. Either bet will lose when the player’s total is exactly 13. These bets are placed at the same time as the blackjack bet, and usually the side bet can be no larger than the bet on the blackjack hand. Over/under games are usually dealt from a 6 or 8 deck shoe, and the player’s first two cards are always dealt face up. Although these are “sucker” bets for basic strategy players, with a house edge of 6% to 10%, special card counting strategies can be used to give the player a significant edge on these bets.

Q:B24 What is the counting strategy for Over/Under blackjack?
A:B24 (Steve Jacobs)

The card weights used for the Over/Under count are as follows: count +1 for Ace, 2, 3, and 4, and count -1 for tens and face cards. The deck becomes favorable for counts of +2 and above, and for counts -4 and below. Over-13 bets should be placed when the count is +3 and above. Under-13 bets should be placed when the count is -4 and below.

When playing Over/Under blackjack with this counting scheme, virtually all of the player’s profit comes from the over-13 and under-13 side bets. This counting scheme is very poor for playing the blackjack portion of the bet, and will only allow the player to play about even with the house on the blackjack bets. However, the over/under bets can be very profitable if the game has good penetration. A 6-deck over/under game with good penetration can give the player an advantage of 1.5% or more. Single deck over/under games with good penetration (very rare) can give the player an edge of over 4% when using the over/under count.

Snyder’s “Over/Under Report” discusses the over/under game in detail, and is available from RGE at an outrageous price.

Q:B25 What are some good/bad books on Blackjack?
A:B25

The individual book reviews given below are grouped according to the person doing the review. If you have an opposing view or wish to express another view of any of these books, write your own review and send it to the maintainer of the FAQ list, and it will be included. Reviews of books that are not mentioned here are especially welcome.

There are undoubtedly many good books that are not listed here, as well as many terrible books that are not listed here. These reviews are only the opinions of the reviewers, and your mileage may vary.

Review by Michael Dalton (as reported by Adbul Jalib M’hall)

Dalton, Michael. Blackjack: A Professional Reference. Spur of the Moment Publishing, PO BOX 541967, Merritt Island, FL; 1991. (1964 pages)Written by a NASA computer systems engineer, this book is a comprehensive reference to the game of blackjack. Over 1000 entries listing books, magazines, publications, newsletters, articles, reports, videos, software and other products available for serious players of the game twenty-one. Also included is the most comprehensive blackjack dictionary ever compiled explaining blackjack terminology, system and strategy descriptions, rules, and miscellaneous blackjack trivia. Complete basic strategy charts that cover most blackjack games in the world are also presented. Fully cross-referenced with recommendations.

Reviews by Edmund Hack:

Blackjack Video: Winning at Blackjack with Bobby Singer, JCI Video, 1987, 103 minutes. This video is a tape of a sales pitch/introduction to card counting seminar hosted by Bobby Singer, billed as the “World’s biggest winner at the game of Blackjack” on the back cover. The tape covers 5 areas: Basic Strategy, Card Counting, Money Management, Team Play and Casino Awareness. Unfortunately, the information is incomplete. For example, the basic strategy section only covers hard and soft hands and the card counting section only covers the card values for the Hi-Lo count, but no bet sizing or strategy adjustments. The rest of the information is available for $149.00. For this price, you get a set of notebooks with lessons and audio tapes covering the Hi-Lo count and an 800 number you can call to find out where the best games are in the city you plan to play. I rented the tape for $1.50 and maybe got my money’s worth.One interesting point covered in moderate detail is team play. Singer advocates playing 4 deck or up shoes with the “Big Player” approach pioneered by Uston and others. He advised using a counter at one or more tables who flat bets and uses hand signals (i.e. scratching the head) to call in a big money player. The current count is signaled to the Big Player by the stacking of chips in front of the counter in a particular way. The Big Player can then play out the rest of the shoe, presumably free of heat. If the count goes bad, the big player leaves, proclaiming a trip to the restroom is needed. The home study course is said to have info on bet sizing related/risk of ruin for teams and individuals.

The Winner’s Guide to Casino Gambling, Edwin Silberstang, Plume, 1980 and 1989. This is a general overview of casino gambling with chapters on casino operations, comps, junkets, credit and the games offered. Detailed sections on craps, baccarat, roulette, keno, slots, video poker (89 edition only) and blackjack give the staff, rules, and procedures of each game, the house advantage, a glossary, and the best plays for each. In addition, there are anecdotes about playing the games. As the author has separate books on poker and sports betting, there is little information on them here and Red Dog and Pai Gow poker are not covered. The blackjack section has correct basic strategy information for 1,2, and 4+ deck games with and without DAS, and a discussion of Strip, Reno and Downtown rules variations. He presents the Hi-Opt I count (not by that name) and how to use it for bet sizing and insurance bets, but no strategy adjustments. There is a section written by a professional blackjack player on how to hide the fact that you are counting and life as a pro. If you want a single book as an introduction to casino gambling, this is it. [Note: there are 2 versions of the book out - a small green paperback from 1980 and a black trade paperback from 1989 that has been updated.]

Reviews by Adbul Jalib M’hall:

Fundamentals of Blackjack by Chambliss and Roginski – this book is pretty much a standard blackjack book, but it has exceptionally good tables of information. I advise buying this book as a supplement to whatever book you use for your counting system (probably either Professional Blackjack, The World’s Greatest Blackjack Book, Blackbelt in Blackjack or Million Dollar Blackjack.) The counting system discussed in “Fundamentals…” is not one that you would actually want to use, but the tables don’t assume this system is used. Unfortunately, many of the tables were generated using Snyder’s Blackjack Formula, and so the accuracy is not as good as would be the case with computer simulations.Card Counting for the Casino Executive by Bill Zender – this book is written for casino executives, as you might suspect, which makes it insightful reading for card counters. The book goes into detail about how pit critters should go about identifying and discouraging card counters. It also lists all kinds of ways the players can win, both honestly and by cheating. The author is fairly counter-tolerant, which is refreshing. Alas, the book is spiral bound, only 138 pages long, and *full* of white space.

Reviews by Steve Jacobs:

Million Dollar Blackjack by Ken Uston. This is a good all-around blackjack book, although the advanced counting scheme is much more difficult than most. Ken gives a balanced view of blackjack, without the exaggerated claims that many BJ authors are fond of.World’s Greatest Blackjack Book by Humble & Cooper. This is a good book with a pretty reasonable counting scheme. The authors are _way_ too paranoid about cheating, to the extent that they attribute virtually all of their losses to cheating. Otherwise, it is a good book. These guys have absolutely nothing nice to say about Lawrence Revere, so if you’ve read Playing Blackjack as a Business and would like to read an opposing viewpoint, this is the book for you.

Blackbelt in Blackjack by Arnold Snyder. The Red Seven count in this book is simple, and quite effective against single deck games. The Zen count is more difficult, but more powerful. Snyder includes some interesting ideas that aren’t found in other books, such as “depth charging”. This book is probably not as good for beginners as are the previous two books, but is a good book for more advanced readers.

Theory of Blackjack by Peter Griffin. This is one of the few good books that cover the mathematical considerations of the game. This book is either a complete must or a complete waste of time, depending on how you feel about mathematics.

Beat the Dealer by Edward Thorp. This book is a classic, and is still worth reading. The card counting schemes are now somewhat dated, but it is still a good book for card counters.

Professional Blackjack by Stanford Wong. Some people really like this book, but I didn’t find it all that exciting. It is considered a classic, and has a lot of good material.

Playing Blackjack as a Business by Lawrence Revere. This is one of the most accurate books for basic strategy, and the color charts are very nice. The numbers in the tables were provided by Julian Braun, and are about as accurate as any available, but don’t believe the numbers that Revere gives for player’s expected gain. Revere’s counting scheme isn’t widely used today, and Revere’s “I’m right and everyone else is a dope” attitude is very annoying, although partially justified if you account for the date of first publication and the scarcity of good books at that time. Revere also makes many inflated claims about player’s expectation, which Humble & Cooper would attribute to character flaw.

Scarne on Cards by John Scarne. This book is simply wrong when it comes to blackjack, and Scarne was too arrogant to even consider the possibility that he might have been wrong. He spends a lot of time trying to discredit Thorp. This book has _negative_ value for serious blackjack players, and should probably be avoided completely.

Turning the Tables on Las Vegas by Ian Andersen. This is an entertaining book that describes techniques for disguising your play to avoid detection by pit critters.

Casino Tournament Strategy by Stanford Wong. This book combines previous Tournament Blackjack and Tournament Craps book together at a reasonable price. Covers many of the unique situations that come up in tournament play. Worth reading if you plan to play in tournaments.

Q:B26 What are some other sources of blackjack/gambling information?
A:B26 (Jonathan Rosenberg, Adbul Jalib M’hall, Jack Mcgee)

RGE Publishing, 414 Santa Clara Avenue, Oakland, CA 94610, (510) 465-6452 Publishes Blackjack Forum, $30/year (4 issues). Call for their very interesting catalog. Includes books, videos, PC based BJ practice programs, analyzers and simulators, and back issues of Blackjack Forum.

Current Blackjack News, by Stanford Wong. $95/year (12 issues). Available through RGE.

Blackjack Confidential Magazine, 513 Salsbury Road, Cherry Hill, NJ 08034 $99/year (10 issues).

Win Magazine, 16760 Stagg St. #213, Van Nuys, CA 91406, (818) 781-9355 Formerly Gambling Times. $36/year (12 issues). Covers all gambling and gaming topics. [Some reports of irregular publishing schedule]

The Experts Blackjack Newsletter, Gambling Times Incorporated, 16760 Stagg St. #213, Van Nuys, CA 91406, (818) 781-9355 New, advertised in WIN Magazine. $30/year (6 issues)

The International Gamblers’ Club Newsletter, P.O. Box 73, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L3T 3N1 $24/year (4 issues). Founded by Lance Humble. They’ll send you a free but dated sample if you write. Mainly BJ but contains some sports betting information. (I wasn’t impressed with my sample).

Gambler’s Book Club, 630 South 11th Street, Box 4115, Las Vegas, NV 89127, (800) 634-6243. Not a newsletter but call for their awesome, awesome, awesome catalog containing not only just about every blackjack book ever written but practically every book ever written on any gambling topic. They also operate a book store at the above address in Las Vegas. [And they have gambling experts (including card counters) working at the store most of the time, willing to answer questions -- Adbul Jalib M'hall]

Las Vegas Advisor, Huntington Press, PO Box 28041, Las Vegas, Nevada 89126, (702) 597-1884. $45/year (12 issues) (add $5 for first class delivery). Produced by Anthony Curtis. Lots of information on deals and freebies available in Las Vegas. Sometimes includes valuable coupons or arranges special deals for subscribers. (I have personally more than recouped the cost in actual cash back from coupons for about half year’s worth of the subscription. -Hall)

Casino Player, 2424 Arctic Ave., Atlantic City, NJ 08401, 609-344-9000. $24/yr, (12 issues). It covers most gambling jurisdictions, with particular attention paid to AC and LV. Articles on all games, by Wong, Caro, Frome, Malmuth, Snyder, and others. It’s a full color, slick, well produced magazine, about 60 pages.

Q:B27 Is Ken Uston dead?
A:B27 (John Schwab)

Yes. He was found dead in a rented apartment in Paris, France, on September 19, 1987. The cause of death remains undetermined, since an autopsy was not performed and the body was cremated. The local police found no evidence of foul play. Alcohol and drug abuse were strongly suspected by several people who knew Uston intimately. Reference: Stanley Roberts, “A Double Dose of Death”, Roberts’ Rules (column), _Gambling Times_, Jan./Feb., 1988, pp. 8, 41

That article is the only printed mention that I have seen on Uston’s death. Maybe someone else has the citation for the Card Player article?

和程序玩21点的几点忠告

站长 — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:16:02 +0000

马丁派下注方法是最失败的下注方法。
首先很多赌场都有赌注的上限（Max Bet），比如100刀或者300刀，达到了这个上限之后就无以为继了。其次，最重要的一点，赌场软件到底公平么？就像前面讲的，赌场里连输是非常常见的事情，就算是从1刀开始下，8连败之后下把必须下256刀。能坚持到8连败么？就算可以，还敢下256么？下了也很可能还是输。
我甚至怀疑，赌场分析过人们的心理，这种长套是最容易吃钱，一不留神跟赌场较上劲就会被清空。但是赌场软件在那放着，也会有很多人检测是否公平，胜负的概率也不能差得太离谱，那怎么办？只能相应增加连赢的几率，就像上面提到的误区2，很多人赢了2，3把之后就不敢下大注了，所以赌场软件会更偏重连赢连输，这也许就是我们赢大钱的原理。当庄家连赢了3，4把的时候，特别是你来18，庄家19，你来19庄家20，这是最危险的兆头，这时候你已经不是在赌你的运气了，下把获胜的几率会大大低于50%。
这就是为什么马丁派下注方法是最失败的下注方式，等于是把钱放在赌场口袋里跟它玩，只要赌场愿意，随时可以全部拿走，开始可以让你赢很多，但一次变态就会被赌场吃光。赌场变态很少见么？不服气自己体验一下就会知道。总之Chase Lose是一条不归之路，你越是想一把搬回损失，就越会在这条路上也走越远。永远不要抱侥幸心理，连输的势头一旦确立是很难改变的，也许赌场不把你输干是不会罢休的。

正确的下注方法，连赢要狠！
看准了就来大的。我90%以上的大注都是在上把获胜的基础上下的。连赢个2，3把，就可以考虑下大，如果手上来的牌很整，比如每把都来9，10，A这些牌，那也是不错的兆头。没有具体统计，但我感觉我下大注获胜的几率超过60%。我推荐大家按照1%-10%法则下注，即平时下本金的1%，机会来了就下10%，这样可以很快的完成下注额，同时保证赢大钱的几率。
虽说赌场里连赢连输比较常见，但有一点必须清楚，赌场连赢的几率和长度都要大大超过玩家。说白了，跟赌场赌，就是在跟它玩不公平的游戏。还好我们有红利作保障，要不然真的是不赌就是赢。在赌场里要时刻保持警惕，要像嗅觉灵敏的猎犬，势头不对就下最小注。玩得越多越了解赌场的黑，千万不要被赌场激怒，比如你来了个20，庄家偏偏来个21点，确实是很郁闷的事情，这时候要保持冷静，一笑了之，告诉自己不要钻进赌场的圈套。实在不行就退出。明明赌场已经是在耍你了，就别留在那自取其辱。

60%-70%原则
每次玩给自己订个盈利目标，达到了就走，别贪心。对于混红利的，下注额到了就走。如果资金达到了最高点之后开始下跌，那么在最高点的60-70%之间，就可以撤退了，保住大部分的盈利。如果资金一直下跌，那么跌到60-70%之间也应该撤退，及时的止损。因为这个时候你的心态可能已经玩坏了，留得青山在，不怕没柴烧，下次再战。
最后再强调一次，心态的重要，冷静，冲动是魔鬼。

不论哪个赌场, 请大家记住下列准则:
1.不能无限翻倍押注(maximum 3-5次)
我推荐别超过3次,比如找机会下1,2,5,全输了,就停止,重新来过

2.观察输赢的模式，来follow trend，也就是抓赢的趋势
一共有3种模式，一种下降趋势(down trend)、一种上涨趋势(up trend)、一种波动趋势(side way trend)。
一般来说如遇到下降趋势，尽量避免下大注，因为只有30%的盈利把握；反之上涨趋势可以下大注。
下降趋势的情况,一般来说连输个7把、8把，估计这趋势就不太好变了，就退出来休息一会儿，或者今天就不玩了。不要以为输了那么多把，该你赢了，错，这下降趋势一确立，你还会再输10-20把。
上涨趋势大家一定要一直玩到连输3手为止，否则趋势不算变。另外也不要太贪婪，一般来说你的大注连中2、3个就应该满意了，中了1个也不亏。
我个人比较喜欢波动趋势，这种趋势赢1、2把输1、2把。我就输1、2把后上大注，赢1、2把后又换成小注。这种趋势一旦大注输掉了一把，趋势向下突破的话，就马上变成最小注。

简单的预期概率

站长 — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 13:43:59 +0000

玩家点数	玩家要牌不会爆的几率 (%)	玩家要牌会爆的几率 (%)
11点或以下	100	0
12	69.4	30.6
13	61.5	38.5
14	53.6	46.4
15	46.2	53.8
16	38.5	61.5
17	30.7	69.3
18	23	77
19	15.5	81.5
20	7.7	92.3

庄家点数	庄家在17至21点会停止的几率 (%)	庄家会爆的几率 (%)
2	70	30
3	62	38
4	60	40
5	57	43
6	57	43
7	75	25
8	76	24
9	77	23
10	77	23
A	82	18

例如: 你有15点, 参照上面二个表,这时你要牌不会爆的几率为46.2%, 要牌会爆的几率为53.8%, 这样看,还是不要牌好, 因为要牌会爆的几率大于不会爆的几率, 事实上还要看庄家的情况, 如果庄家牌面为9点, 少于17点, 庄家必须要牌, 庄家在17至21点会停止的几率为77 %, 庄家会爆的几率为23%, 即你如果无所为, 不要牌了, 等庄家爆死, 你自动赢, 几率是23%, 而你要牌不会爆, 即你要牌会赢的几率为46.2%, 结论你还是应该要牌, 所以就产生如下了基本策略。

21点术语/词典/名词解释

站长 — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 12:25:55 +0000

一、基本部分
　　庄家(Banker)：本轮坐庄的玩家，也可以是固定的庄家。
　　玩家、闲家(Player)：本轮不坐庄的玩家。
　　暗牌：只有自己能看见的牌，其他游戏者显示牌的背面。
　　明牌：所有游戏者都能看见的牌。
　　黑杰克(BlackJack)： 一手牌内两张牌的点数相加合共达21点（如A牌和一张花牌或10点牌），计牌的时候黑杰克要大于普通的21点，黑杰克的赔率是2赔3。庄家或者玩家如果拿到黑杰克就必须停牌。
　　要牌(HIT)： 再拿一张牌。玩家只要手上牌相加点数不超过 21点都可要牌；但庄家要牌则有限定，即手上牌相加点数在 16点或以下，必需要牌。
　　停牌(STAND)： 不再要牌。庄家手上牌相加点数在 17点或以上，就必须停牌。玩家在以下几种情况，必须停牌：1、爆牌；2、黑杰克；3、21点（含软21点）；4、其它约定的停牌。除这些情况外，玩家可随时选择停牌。
　　爆牌(Bust)： 一手牌的总点数大于21点即为爆牌。如果是玩家爆牌，则输掉其赌注；如果是庄家爆牌，则赔注给所有未爆牌的玩家。
　　分牌(SPLIT)： 当玩家手上只有两张牌，且这两张牌点数相同时，玩家可以选择分牌，即玩家再下一注与原注相等的注金，并将前两张牌分为两副单独的牌。但如果前两张牌是AA，则分牌后只能各要一张牌；如果分牌后要到的是黑杰克，也只能作普通21点计算。
　　双倍下注(DOUBLE)： 玩家在拿到前两张牌之后，可以再下一注与原注相等的注金，然后只能再拿一张牌。如果拿到黑杰克，则不许双倍下注。
　　保险(INSURANCE)： 如果庄家牌面朝上的牌是A，则玩家可以选择买保险，也就是相当于原注一半的额外注金。如果庄家确实有黑杰克，玩家将赢得3倍注金；如果庄家没有黑杰克，玩家将输掉注金，游戏照常继续。

二、变化部分
　　先收(Even Money)： 如果玩家拿了黑杰克，且庄家明牌是A，则玩家可以选择先收。即玩家获得1赔1的平赔，而不论庄家是否最终拿到黑杰克。
　　对子(Pair)： 玩家可以下注对子，即玩家首两张牌如果是一对的话，将按照1赔11获赔。
　　投降(Surrender)： 如玩家手上只拥有两张牌，便有权选择投降，取回一半的注金（庄家翻开的牌是A时不适用）。也有特殊规则指可以在任一张牌的时候投降。
　　双A分牌： 对于AA这种特别的分牌情况，也有以下2种特殊规则：1、AA分牌后可以继续要牌；2、AA分牌后如果又拿到A，则可以继续分牌。
　　再次分牌： 分牌后，若第三张仍与前两张相同，可继续分牌，第四张相同牌则不可分，只能作为前一张的第二张牌。
　　有限加倍：对于双倍下注可以做更多限制，常有以下几种情况：1、只允许10点或11点的时候加倍；2、可以在任一张牌的时候加倍；3、分牌后不允许加倍。
　　庄家在软17点拿牌：庄家在包含一张或多张A、可以计数为7点或17点的牌继续拿牌。
　　同花顺： 即玩家的牌面是同花的6、7、8便可即收3倍的注金。
　　五龙： 如果玩家手中有5张牌而又没有爆牌，这副牌叫做五龙，即收2倍注金。

21点基本规则

站长 — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 07:42:24 +0000

　　21点的起源：
　　21点游戏为一款极具趣味性的牌类游戏，又名黑杰克或BlackJack。
　　最早出现在十六世纪，起源于法国，法语称：vingt-et-un（单单字面来看是20和1，因为法文数字本身的复杂性，就是简单的21），因此在广为流行后该游戏就叫“21点”。后传入英国并广泛流传，如果玩家拿到黑心“A”和黑心“J”，就会给与额外的奖励，所以英文的名字叫黑杰克（Blackjack）。1931年，当美国内华达州宣布赌博为合法活动时，21点游戏第一次公开出现在内华达州的赌场俱乐部，15年内，它取代掷骰子游戏，而一举成为非常流行的赌场庄家参与的赌博游戏。
　　该游戏由2到8个人玩，使用除大小王之外的1副或多副52张牌，游戏者的目标是使手中的牌的点数之和不超过21点且尽量大。

　　21点基本玩法规则：

1、点数计算

A作1点或11点
2-10作该牌之点数
J，Q，K作十点

2、发牌

首先由一位玩家作庄家负责发牌，其余玩家为闲家。闲家会向庄家投下一定注码，庄家会以顺时钟方向向众闲家派发一张暗牌（即不被揭开的牌），然后向自己派发一张暗牌，接着庄家会以顺时钟方向向众闲家派发一张明牌（即被揭开的牌），之后又向自己派发一张明牌。

当众人手上各拥一张暗牌和一张明牌，庄家就以顺时钟方向逐位闲家询问是否再要牌（以明牌方式派发），玩家此时要计算是否要牌，因为排牌局的最终目的，是要玩家手上拥有的牌总点数达到21点（或最接近又小于21点），然后和庄家比较大小。当一位闲家决定不再要牌后，庄家才向下一位闲家询问是否再要牌。（按:在一般赌场的赌局，庄家并不一定是发牌者。）

3、爆牌（超过21点）

若果闲家要牌后，其手上拥有的牌的总点数超过21点，便要揭开手上所拥有的牌，俗称爆煲，该闲家的注码会归庄家。

反之若其手上拥有的牌的总点数不超过21点，该闲家可决定是否继续要牌。

当最后一位闲家决定不再要牌后，庄家就必须揭开自己所有手上的牌，若总点数少于17点，就必须继续要牌;如果庄家爆煲的话，便向原来没有爆煲的闲家，赔出该闲家所投住的同等的注码。

4、点数决胜

如果庄家最终没有爆煲的话，原来没有爆煲的众闲家便要揭开手上所有的牌，比较点数决定谁胜谁负，点数较大的取胜（例牌例外，详见下文闲家例牌先报到和特别规例）。

5、闲家例牌先报到

若某闲家例牌，必须向立即庄家揭开手上所有的牌，（即俗称报到），庄家亦必须向该拥有例牌的闲家赔上一定注码。

简单赢：赢，就是简单！ » 21点规则|术语

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